Effect of Star Rating Improvement of Residential Buildings on Life Cycle Environmental Impacts and Costs

A diagnostic framework is proposed to assess the influence of star rating improvement for residential buildings on life cycle environmental impacts and costs (LCEI LCC) using assessment (LCA) costing methods, respectively, all phases (i.e., construction, operation, maintenance, disposal). reference house was modified basis six alternative designs deliver a particular in order demonstrate analysis framework. Two LCIA methods material flows/add masses eco-indicator 99 Australian substances) were used estimate ten LCEI indicators under two categories: seven from problem-oriented raw material, air emission, water eco-toxicity, acidification/eutrophication potential, ozone depletion, climate change) three damage-oriented resource ecosystem quality, effect human health) categories. The combined evaluate economic wellbeing single eco-point basis. All these combinations impact can offer lines analytical options along with rating: problem-oriented, damage-oriented, variety problem LCEIs LCCs. Hence, optimum selection is-based not only cost or rating, but also LCEIs.